Emergency contraception: expert opinion

This information material is not an advertisement, does not aim at the promotion of goods, works or services on the market. Is it dangerous to emergency contraceptives? Why in Europe promoting emergency contraception? Russia has committed every year more than a million abortions - how to reduce this figure? About this says obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductive health expert, Shinkarenko Nina Yu. We all know the word "abortion." This procedure looks terrible, believe me. Nevertheless, according to Rosstat, in 2012 alone produced more than a million abortions. What is the reason? Generally low level of knowledge of people about contraception. For example, about 25% of women of reproductive age in our country are mostly natural methods of contraception (tracking phases of the menstrual cycle, coitus interruptus). However, when applying the physiological contraception during the year pregnancy occurs in 20-40% of cases. Also, do not fully protected couples who used barrier contraceptives - because condoms can break or slip. An estimated 17% of women regularly use hormonal contraceptives. But if a woman forgets to take pills on time, the chance of pregnancy is greatly increased. So what to do if the pills were not taken in time? If a condom breaks? If intercourse took place in the "dangerous" time? Fortunately, there is a solution - emergency contraception. Emergency contraception - a variant to prevent pregnancy when unprotected intercourse has taken place, that it is fundamentally different from routine contraception. Needless means for emergency contraception usually represents levonorgestrel tablets - hormone similar progestogen. Take these pills experts of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a single dose for three days after intercourse. The effectiveness of levonorgestrel repeatedly evaluated in larger studies. Based on their results, the most effective is this product in the first and second day after sexual intercourse - 95 and 85%, respectively, and about 60% - in the third day. Therefore, it is desirable to take these substances in the first 2 days after unprotected intercourse, and the sooner they will be more effective. Now how effective levonorgestrel. The principle of its action is to inhibit key steps in the process of conception - ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary) and implantation (attachment of a fertilized egg to the endometrium - the uterine lining). Thus, the egg or remains in the ovary, where it can not contact with the sperm, or if the contact has taken place, not attached to the wall of the uterus, and the pregnancy is not developing. In many developed countries, emergency contraception is paid a lot of attention, because the use of emergency contraceptive pills can significantly reduce the number of abortions among the population. For example, in the United States and in many European countries, these contraceptives are actively promoted, sold over the counter and even paid for compulsory health insurance programs. In our country, this type of contraception is quite a long time, however, women are so few know about it, at the right moment just forget about its existence. As a result - more than a million abortions a year. Finally, deserve special attention is not quite correct knowledge about the dangers of emergency contraceptive pills. For example, it is believed that emergency contraception should be taken no more than 1 time per year, and themselves contraceptives can trigger all sorts of side effects. Of course, we should not allow uncontrolled taking these drugs, because the frequent use, they can actually lead to a breach of the menstrual cycle, but 1 every 3-4 months to take them quite acceptable. In conclusion, I want to give some advice: do not bring it to abortion, do not kill themselves and their future children. Responsibly to the choice of a life partner, because unwanted pregnancies - a tragedy in the first place for the child. And, of course, all that is associated with contraception and preserving the health of women, requires timely consultation with a specialist.

When we first recognize its existence?

Probably the first time we are aware that we exist, even in the womb, before to be born. But it's hard to remember, because at this moment we have no concepts with which impressions are stored in memory. Consciousness in the fetus appears approximately in the second trimester, and tactile sensitivity - on the 7th week: fruit for the first time react to the touch of the hair to his cheek. By 17 weeks of tactile sensitivity extends almost the entire body. At week 16, the fetus turns when maternal belly exposed to strong light, he begins to be afraid at loud sounds. I wonder if that plays rock music, the child violently pushed, if it sounds quiet melody, the reaction is reversed. It is unlikely that the fetus hears music; Perhaps he feels physically sound wave and responds to it. It's like a feeling of noise from loud music from next door: you hear the hooting of bass, but do not distinguish melodies. From 12 weeks the baby can already frown, squint eyes, and at 14 weeks trying to laugh or complains. When the term of 24 weeks of the child's behavior indicates the emergence of a true (cognitive) thinking: he smiles and grimaces, angry. Thus, there is evidence that when the amniocentesis under ultrasound guidance 24-week fetus, which was a random shot needle, the whole body turned away from her, to determine the position of the needle by hand, and beat on it with his hand. Scientists theorize that, showing concern, the fetus thinks. Also in the 24-week fetus, alarmed, sucks his thumb - sometimes so much that it blisters appear. At 26 weeks the fetus in the uterus is doing interesting movements, for example rotates forward. It is possible that this is a conscious movement, and therefore the child already thinks.

Thrush

Most patients are often concerned with the question: why thrush is coming back again and again? There are several reasons for frequent repeated episodes of the disease: chronic disease, failure to comply with a healthy lifestyle, reduced immune system, inefficient or incomplete treatment, the presence of the factors supporting the growth of the population of fungi in the vagina.  Is it necessary to take medication? Can thrush go yourself? Thrush can "pass itself", but first take a huge amount of trouble to the owner and is highly likely to soon return. Therefore, the question "treat - not treated" normally does not occur, the more that the treatment of thrush is simple and usually does not cause side effects.  What medications are used to treat thrush? For the treatment of thrush using antifungals * - medicines against fungal infection, the causative agent of the disease. Among them there are pills and topical agents (creams, vaginal suppositories). In this context, interesting drug "Pimafucin." It is presented in three forms of manufacture - pessaries, tablets and cream, with all three valid only locally, without being absorbed into the bloodstream. Candles allow sanitizing the vaginal mucosa, tablets - intestinal tube (while avoiding exposure to any other organs), and the cream - skin.  How can you avoid exacerbation of thrush? Are there any recommendations for lifestyle changes, nutrition? To prevent recurrent episodes of thrush is recommended to avoid anything that may cause allergic reactions in each individual case, since synthetic underwear and ending with chocolate. Hygiene measures include genital neutral toilet facilities, as well as "ventilation", that is, if possible, the woman should go without underwear. Should not be without a serious reason to take antibiotics. ** If necessary, a woman who already had "acquaintance" with candidiasis should insure. Moreover, it is appropriate to protect and vagina, and intestines. For these purposes, perfectly suitable preparations in the form of tablets and suppositories.  In recent years a lot of information about intestinal dysbiosis as the cause of recurrence of thrush. What treatment is recommended in these cases? Intestinal dysbiosis - an independent disease that must be treated, not because of recurrence of thrush, and due to the fact that the violation of the microflora in the gut has a negative impact on immunity, metabolism and body functions as a whole. Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis and candida is not delivered as expressed trouble, as a disease of the vagina, but are associated with much more serious consequences for health. Treatment depends on the type of violation of the microflora, including candidiasis is recommended to take the tablets.  * Antimycotics or otherwise antifungals - is not a specific drug, a broad class of different chemical compounds having specific activity against pathogenic fungi (approx. Editor). Antibiotics ** - is not a specific drug and substances of biological origin, produced by microorganisms inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microbes as well as viruses and cells (approx. Editor). Said in an interview with the terms "treatment" and "prevention" are not considered in order to promote the market of specific methods of treatment and prevention, and are not their advertising (approx. Editor). Interview taken verbatim, without editorial revisions.